The research library

Princeton, IIT Delhi, Georgia Tech, Allen Institute for AI · portal · GEO: Generative Engine Optimization

Live leaderboard and benchmark suite from the original GEO authors (Aggarwal et al.).

Aggarwal et al. · paper · GEO: Generative Engine Optimization

The paper that named GEO and measured up to ~40% visibility lift from source-attribution and statistic-dense edits.

Aggarwal et al. · paper · GEO: Generative Engine Optimization

Full-text v3 — easiest version to quote and cite directly.

Sourin Mukhopadhyay · analysis · GEO: Generative Engine Optimization

Practitioner walkthrough of the original paper's nine optimization methods.

Aggarwal et al. · paper · GEO: Generative Engine Optimization

Peer-reviewed version of the seminal paper plus the GEO-bench benchmark. 37-40% visibility lift from statistics, quotes and citations.

paper · GEO: A multistage formalization and survey

Survey formalizing GEO as a multistage pipeline: retrieval, selection, synthesis, attribution.

paper · GEO: A multistage formalization and survey

HTML full text of the multistage survey.

Yu et al. · paper · Structure & citation behavior (GEO-SFE)

Six-model study isolating macro architecture, meso chunking and micro formatting. +17.3% citation probability.

Liu et al. · paper · Feature-level optimization (FeatGEO)

Argues for optimizing page-level features over token rewriting; keeps language quality intact.

paper · AI search sourcing & earned media bias

Comparative empirical analysis of what AI search actually sources — and the earned-media skew in citations.

paper · AI search sourcing & earned media bias

HTML full text of the sourcing / earned media bias analysis.

Chen & Wang · paper · AI search sourcing & earned media bias

AI vs. traditional search across verticals; documents the earned-media skew. Canonical DOI still being confirmed.

paper · Generative Search Engine Optimization (GSEO)

GSEO framework — an alternate formalization of optimizing for generative search.

Gartner · forecast · Gartner search volume forecast

The most-cited market forecast behind GEO budgets. Treat as a projection, not a measurement.

eMarketed · analysis · Gartner search volume forecast

Secondary summary of the Gartner forecast for briefing decks.

Future Factors · analysis · Forecast vs. reality

Retrospective scoring the 25% forecast against observed 2026 traffic. Useful counterweight.

Profound · analysis · Profound

Ecosystem map of the AI-visibility tooling category.

Profound · analysis · Profound

Query fan-out mechanics — why one user prompt becomes many retrieval queries.

Profound · analysis · Profound

Definitional split between answer-engine and generative-engine optimization.

Profound · analysis · Profound

Vendor benchmark criteria for enterprise AI visibility platforms.

Profound · analysis · Profound

How crawlers and operator agents actually fetch and reuse pages.

AirOps · analysis · AirOps

Workflow view of building content for fan-out retrieval.

AuthorityTech · analysis · AuthorityTech + AirOps

GEO-16 scoring framework and the durability question: do citations persist across refreshes?

Authoritas · paper · Authoritas

Large-scale study of SGE/AI Overview citation composition and volatility by brand type.

Virayo · analysis · Virayo

Three usable numbers: 44.2% of citations from the first 30% of body text, 85% off-site on B2B queries, co-mentions 3:1 over backlinks.

Digital Applied · analysis · Digital Applied

Post-I/O benchmark guide for structuring content for AI Overviews.

Lumar · analysis · Lumar

How Anthropic, OpenAI and Google score candidate sources on helpfulness, reliability and corroboration before citing.

Topify AI · analysis · Topify AI

Extraction-layer view: which passages get lifted into the answer.

Digital Marketing Institute · analysis · Digital Marketing Institute

CTR impact framing for stakeholders new to AI Overviews.

Discovered Labs · analysis · Discovered Labs

How E-E-A-T signals map to what Google and Perplexity choose to cite.

Richard van der Blom · Primary research · LinkedIn algorithm

Multi-year large-sample study behind the reach-decline and body-link penalty figures.

Meet Lea · Analysis · LinkedIn algorithm

Source-numbered breakdown of dwell time, comment weighting and the unverified 15x claim.

GrowthRocks · A/B experiment · Link placement experiments

Rotated-format test across profiles measuring reach, clicks and CTR.

Axia Public Relations · Analysis · Link placement experiments

Summarises Sprout Social, Socialinsider (51M Facebook posts) and Hootsuite link experiments.

Socialinsider · Benchmark · Benchmarks

Average engagement rate 3.85%, +44% YoY, calculated per impression.

Agorapulse · Analysis · Benchmarks

Reach-decline and expertise-signal summary built on Algorithm InSights 2025.